Display options
Share it on

Klin Wochenschr. 1981 May 04;59(9):415-24. doi: 10.1007/BF01695895.

[Hepato-renal syndrome (author's transl)].

Klinische Wochenschrift

[Article in German]
J Kipnowski, R Düsing, H J Kramer

PMID: 7278084 DOI: 10.1007/BF01695895

Abstract

The hepato-renal syndrome is defined as potentially reversible functional renal failure associated with acute fulminant hepatitis or, more often, with advanced chronic liver failure. It is characterized by oliguria, azotemia, retention of sodium and water with formation of ascites, and hyponatremia. While urinary sodium concentration of less than 10 mEq/l reflects intact tubular sodium absorption, the kidney lacks the ability for adequate free-water generation. This condition must be separated from specific renal diseases which may arise during the course of intra-or extrahepatic diseases and which must be classified accordingly. Pathophysiological aspects of the hepa-to-renal syndrome include hemodynamic factors, such as changes in intrarenal blood flow distribution in the presence of elevated intrarenal and reduced peripheral vascular resistance. The functional relationship of vasoconstrictor, sodium retaining, and anti-diuretic hormones (e.g., renin-angiotensin, aldosterone, and vasopressin) to vasodilator, diuretic, and natriuretic hormonal factors (e.g., prostaglandins, kinins, and natriuretic hormone) may be altered as well. Finally, a pre- and intrahepatic spillover resulting in decreased endotoxin clearance must be considered. Due to the lack of understanding of their complex interactions, so far pharmacological and therapeutic approaches remained ineffective to correct at least some of these factors. Today, recovery from hepato-renal syndrome will, therefore, mainly depend on the course of the underlying liver disease.

References

  1. Medicine (Baltimore). 1958 Dec;37(4):299-316 - PubMed
  2. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jun 19;280(25):1367-71 - PubMed
  3. Ann Intern Med. 1974 Oct;81(4):448-51 - PubMed
  4. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1973;8(1):33-40 - PubMed
  5. Am J Med. 1967 Dec;43(6):887-96 - PubMed
  6. Lancet. 1975 Feb 22;1(7904):449 - PubMed
  7. J Clin Invest. 1967 Dec;46(12 ):1894-906 - PubMed
  8. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1970 Feb;133(2):419-22 - PubMed
  9. Postgrad Med J. 1975 Aug;51(598):489-91 - PubMed
  10. Kidney Int. 1977 Sep;12(3):214-22 - PubMed
  11. Rev Int Hepatol. 1966;16(8):1377-98 - PubMed
  12. Circ Res. 1976 Nov;39(5):619-28 - PubMed
  13. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1975 Nov;49(5):437-40 - PubMed
  14. Kidney Int. 1972 Jun;1(6):413-9 - PubMed
  15. Am J Med. 1967 Mar;42(3):359-67 - PubMed
  16. Am J Physiol. 1950 Jul 1;162(1):198-212 - PubMed
  17. N Engl J Med. 1965 Feb 25;272:387-90 - PubMed
  18. Clin Sci. 1969 Apr;36(2):241-56 - PubMed
  19. Am J Med. 1967 May;42(5):713-44 - PubMed
  20. J Clin Invest. 1969 Jun;48(6):975-81 - PubMed
  21. Circ Res. 1978 Jul;43(1):19-23 - PubMed
  22. Gut. 1975 Jun;16(6):429-36 - PubMed
  23. Am J Med. 1970 Aug;49(2):186-91 - PubMed
  24. N Engl J Med. 1969 Dec 18;281(25):1405-13 - PubMed
  25. Circ Res. 1977 Dec;41(6):818-29 - PubMed
  26. J Hepatol. 2002 Mar;36(3):315-20 - PubMed
  27. Rev Clin Esp. 1973 Dec 15;131(5):375-82 - PubMed
  28. Am J Med. 1974 May;56(5):695-703 - PubMed
  29. Ann Intern Med. 1970 Jun;72(6):923-8 - PubMed
  30. Klin Wochenschr. 1974 Sep 1;52(17):801-8 - PubMed
  31. Lancet. 1974 Aug 31;2(7879):477-82 - PubMed
  32. Acta Physiol Lat Am. 1960;10:178-93 - PubMed
  33. Am J Med. 1972 Feb;52(2):267-78 - PubMed
  34. J Exp Med. 1964 Apr 1;119:633-42 - PubMed
  35. Kidney Int. 1978 Feb;13(2):152-8 - PubMed
  36. Arch Intern Med. 1975 Jul;135(7):964-71 - PubMed
  37. J Physiol. 1956 Mar 28;131(3):572-85 - PubMed
  38. Postgrad Med J. 1975 Aug;51(598):486-8 - PubMed
  39. Kidney Int. 1976 Jun;9(6):511-9 - PubMed
  40. Ann Intern Med. 1968 Apr;68(4):958-9 - PubMed
  41. Gastroenterology. 1966 Jul;51(1):94-107 - PubMed
  42. Rev Clin Esp. 1970 Jun 15;117(5):475-82 - PubMed
  43. Lancet. 1974 May 11;1(7863):930-1 - PubMed
  44. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1968 Jul;128(3):821-3 - PubMed
  45. Br Med J. 1976 Dec 11;2(6049):1415-8 - PubMed
  46. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1968 Oct;129(1):29-31 - PubMed
  47. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1965 Mar;43:211-24 - PubMed
  48. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Nov 22;139(2):285-94 - PubMed
  49. Med Welt. 1974 Oct 11;25(41):1673-7 - PubMed
  50. Klin Wochenschr. 1960 Jun 15;38:561-77 - PubMed
  51. Postgrad Med J. 1975 Aug;51(598):503-5 - PubMed
  52. Circ Res. 1977 Sep;41(3):287-91 - PubMed
  53. Pflugers Arch. 1975;357(1-2):1-14 - PubMed
  54. Am J Physiol. 1974 Nov;227(5):1074-83 - PubMed
  55. Circ Res. 1971 May;28(5):Suppl 2:32-43 - PubMed
  56. Circ Res. 1967 Aug;21(2):149-52 - PubMed
  57. Postgrad Med J. 1975 Aug;51(598):492-7 - PubMed
  58. Klin Wochenschr. 1966 Apr 15;44(8):441-6 - PubMed
  59. Arch Fr Mal App Dig. 1972 Dec;61(12):775-86 - PubMed
  60. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1973 Jul;137(1):2-6 - PubMed
  61. Klin Wochenschr. 1972 Oct 1;50(19):893-7 - PubMed
  62. Lancet. 1972 Jun 24;1(7765):1381-5 - PubMed
  63. Lancet. 1975 Jan 4;1(7897):45-6 - PubMed
  64. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1968 Mar 31;19(1):186-97 - PubMed
  65. J Clin Invest. 1972 May;51(5):1297-300 - PubMed
  66. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1975 Nov;49(5):433-6 - PubMed
  67. Nephron. 1974;12(4):281-96 - PubMed
  68. Am J Med. 1973 Jan;54(1):39-43 - PubMed
  69. Arch Intern Med. 1965 Jun;115:704-9 - PubMed
  70. Circ Res. 1973 May 5;32:Suppl 1:159-68 - PubMed
  71. Ann Intern Med. 1959 Oct;51:759-73 - PubMed
  72. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1954 May 10;57(6):925-31 - PubMed
  73. Clin Sci. 1967 Dec;33(3):481-7 - PubMed
  74. Lancet. 1971 Sep 4;2(7723):504-10 - PubMed
  75. Circ Res. 1971 May;28(5):Suppl 2:44-52 - PubMed
  76. Arthritis Rheum. 1968 Dec;11(6):774-86 - PubMed
  77. Postgrad Med J. 1975 Aug;51(598):532-40 - PubMed
  78. Pflugers Arch Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere. 1968;299(4):311-25 - PubMed
  79. Clin Sci (Lond). 1980 Jul;59(1):67-70 - PubMed
  80. Br Med J. 1964 Mar 28;1(5386):810-1 - PubMed
  81. Z Gastroenterol. 1976 Apr;14(2):285-97 - PubMed
  82. Am J Med. 1970 Aug;49(2):175-85 - PubMed
  83. Klin Wochenschr. 1972 Mar 15;50(6):302-10 - PubMed
  84. Postgrad Med J. 1975 Aug;51(598):512-4 - PubMed
  85. N Engl J Med. 1960 Feb 25;262:380-5 - PubMed
  86. Postgrad Med J. 1975 Aug;51(598):515-20 - PubMed
  87. Clin Sci. 1971 Nov;41(5):441-52 - PubMed
  88. Nephron. 1977;18(4):212-9 - PubMed
  89. Am J Physiol. 1973 Feb;224(2):373-5 - PubMed
  90. Medicine (Baltimore). 1967 Mar;46(2):191-6 - PubMed
  91. J Clin Invest. 1964 Jun;43:1090-7 - PubMed
  92. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1951 Jun 15;76(24):789-95 - PubMed
  93. Jpn Circ J. 1974 Oct;38(10):913-21 - PubMed
  94. J Clin Invest. 1975 Aug;56(2):420-6 - PubMed
  95. Lancet. 1974 Oct 12;2(7885):883-6 - PubMed
  96. Arch Surg. 1974 Dec;109 (6):741-6 - PubMed
  97. N Engl J Med. 1965 Apr 29;272:895-7 - PubMed
  98. Clin Sci. 1973 Jul;45(1):19-34 - PubMed
  99. Gastroenterology. 1977 Nov;73(5):1114-8 - PubMed
  100. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1970 Nov 1;108(5):705-22 - PubMed
  101. Br Med J. 1974 Nov 30;4(5943):491-4 - PubMed
  102. Z Gastroenterol. 1976 Jan;14(1):14-23 - PubMed
  103. J Clin Invest. 1966 Feb;45(2):179-86 - PubMed
  104. Q J Med. 1975 Jan;44(173):65-77 - PubMed
  105. N Engl J Med. 1973 Nov 29;289(22):1155-9 - PubMed
  106. Ann Intern Med. 1967 Feb;66(2):307-11 - PubMed
  107. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1975 Apr 11;100(15):790-4 - PubMed
  108. Am J Med. 1975 Jul;59(1):61-7 - PubMed
  109. Gastroenterology. 1973 Aug;65(2):321-40 - PubMed
  110. Br Med J. 1970 Nov 21;4(5733):472-4 - PubMed
  111. Prostaglandins Med. 1978 Nov;1(5):341-9 - PubMed
  112. Pflugers Arch Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere. 1965 Jul 16;285(1):73-89 - PubMed

Substances

MeSH terms

Publication Types