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Mackel R. Segmental and descending control of the external urethral and anal sphincters in the cat. J Physiol. 1979;294:105-22doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012918.
Mackel, R. (1979). Segmental and descending control of the external urethral and anal sphincters in the cat. The Journal of physiology, 294105-22. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012918
Mackel, R. "Segmental and descending control of the external urethral and anal sphincters in the cat." The Journal of physiology vol. 294 (1979): 105-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012918
Mackel R. Segmental and descending control of the external urethral and anal sphincters in the cat. J Physiol. 1979 Sep;294:105-22. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012918. PMID: 512936; PMCID: PMC1280545.
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Wiley Free PMC Article

J Physiol. 1979 Sep;294:105-22. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012918.

Segmental and descending control of the external urethral and anal sphincters in the cat.

The Journal of physiology

R Mackel

PMID: 512936 PMCID: PMC1280545 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012918
Free PMC Article

Abstract

1. The present work concerns the contribution of the somatic central nervous system to two viscero-somatic reflexes, micturition and defecation. Descending and segmental actions and properties of the motoneurones innervating the striated external urethral and external anal sphincters were studied with intracellular recording in male cats, under chloralose anaesthesia. 2. Motoneurones innervating the external urethral and external anal sphincters were intermingled and most strongly concentrated in the lateral part of the ventral horn in the S2 segment of the spinal cord. 3. Stimulation of the S1 to S3 ipsilateral dorsal roots or of the homonymous pudendal nerve branches showed that less than half of the sphincter motoneurons receive monosynaptic excitatory connexions from low threshold afferents. 4. The after-hyperpolarization recorded in the external urethral and external anal sphincter motoneurones was relatively short lasting, not long lasting as would have been expected for motoneurones innervating slow-twitch, tonic type muscles. 5. There was no evidence for recurrent inhibition in pudendal motoneurones innervating the external urethral and external anal sphincters. 6. Descending excitation and inhibition to the sphincter motoneurones originated in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the medullary reticular formation. The descending reticulospinal actions are comparable to those observed in hind limb motoneurones. 7. It is suggested that the segmental reflex connexions play a role in controlling bladder and rectal continence. The descending actions studied also modulate the segmental reflex actions and may provide voluntary control of the sphincter muscles.

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