Urol Clin North Am. 1986 Aug;13(3):551-7.
The Urologic clinics of North America
F F Marshall, B A Reitz
PMID: 3727202
Hemorrhage and poor visualization of the interior of the vena cava frequently occur with the removal of a renal cell carcinoma with a suprahepatic vena caval tumor thrombus. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermia, and temporary cardiac arrest facilitates surgical removal of a suprahepatic vena caval tumor thrombus. This technique provides total control of the circulation of the body and creates a disciplined, well-visualized operative field.