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Nat Genet. 2017 Jan;49(1):27-35. doi: 10.1038/ng.3725. Epub 2016 Nov 21.

Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects.

Nature genetics

Christian R Marshall, Daniel P Howrigan, Daniele Merico, Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram, Wenting Wu, Douglas S Greer, Danny Antaki, Aniket Shetty, Peter A Holmans, Dalila Pinto, Madhusudan Gujral, William M Brandler, Dheeraj Malhotra, Zhouzhi Wang, Karin V Fuentes Fajarado, Michelle S Maile, Stephan Ripke, Ingrid Agartz, Margot Albus, Madeline Alexander, Farooq Amin, Joshua Atkins, Silviu A Bacanu, Richard A Belliveau, Sarah E Bergen, Marcelo Bertalan, Elizabeth Bevilacqua, Tim B Bigdeli, Donald W Black, Richard Bruggeman, Nancy G Buccola, Randy L Buckner, Brendan Bulik-Sullivan, William Byerley, Wiepke Cahn, Guiqing Cai, Murray J Cairns, Dominique Campion, Rita M Cantor, Vaughan J Carr, Noa Carrera, Stanley V Catts, Kimberley D Chambert, Wei Cheng, C Robert Cloninger, David Cohen, Paul Cormican, Nick Craddock, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, James J Crowley, David Curtis, Michael Davidson, Kenneth L Davis, Franziska Degenhardt, Jurgen Del Favero, Lynn E DeLisi, Dimitris Dikeos, Timothy Dinan, Srdjan Djurovic, Gary Donohoe, Elodie Drapeau, Jubao Duan, Frank Dudbridge, Peter Eichhammer, Johan Eriksson, Valentina Escott-Price, Laurent Essioux, Ayman H Fanous, Kai-How Farh, Martilias S Farrell, Josef Frank, Lude Franke, Robert Freedman, Nelson B Freimer, Joseph I Friedman, Andreas J Forstner, Menachem Fromer, Giulio Genovese, Lyudmila Georgieva, Elliot S Gershon, Ina Giegling, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, Stephanie Godard, Jacqueline I Goldstein, Jacob Gratten, Lieuwe de Haan, Marian L Hamshere, Mark Hansen, Thomas Hansen, Vahram Haroutunian, Annette M Hartmann, Frans A Henskens, Stefan Herms, Joel N Hirschhorn, Per Hoffmann, Andrea Hofman, Hailiang Huang, Masashi Ikeda, Inge Joa, Anna K Kähler, René S Kahn, Luba Kalaydjieva, Juha Karjalainen, David Kavanagh, Matthew C Keller, Brian J Kelly, James L Kennedy, Yunjung Kim, James A Knowles, Bettina Konte, Claudine Laurent, Phil Lee, S Hong Lee, Sophie E Legge, Bernard Lerer, Deborah L Levy, Kung-Yee Liang, Jeffrey Lieberman, Jouko Lönnqvist, Carmel M Loughland, Patrik K E Magnusson, Brion S Maher, Wolfgang Maier, Jacques Mallet, Manuel Mattheisen, Morten Mattingsdal, Robert W McCarley, Colm McDonald, Andrew M McIntosh, Sandra Meier, Carin J Meijer, Ingrid Melle, Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately, Andres Metspalu, Patricia T Michie, Lili Milani, Vihra Milanova, Younes Mokrab, Derek W Morris, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Kieran C Murphy, Robin M Murray, Inez Myin-Germeys, Igor Nenadic, Deborah A Nertney, Gerald Nestadt, Kristin K Nicodemus, Laura Nisenbaum, Annelie Nordin, Eadbhard O'Callaghan, Colm O'Dushlaine, Sang-Yun Oh, Ann Olincy, Line Olsen, F Anthony O'Neill, Jim Van Os, Christos Pantelis, George N Papadimitriou, Elena Parkhomenko, Michele T Pato, Tiina Paunio, Diana O Perkins, Tune H Pers, Olli Pietiläinen, Jonathan Pimm, Andrew J Pocklington, John Powell, Alkes Price, Ann E Pulver, Shaun M Purcell, Digby Quested, Henrik B Rasmussen, Abraham Reichenberg, Mark A Reimers, Alexander L Richards, Joshua L Roffman, Panos Roussos, Douglas M Ruderfer, Veikko Salomaa, Alan R Sanders, Adam Savitz, Ulrich Schall, Thomas G Schulze, Sibylle G Schwab, Edward M Scolnick, Rodney J Scott, Larry J Seidman, Jianxin Shi, Jeremy M Silverman, Jordan W Smoller, Erik Söderman, Chris C A Spencer, Eli A Stahl, Eric Strengman, Jana Strohmaier, T Scott Stroup, Jaana Suvisaari, Dragan M Svrakic, Jin P Szatkiewicz, Srinivas Thirumalai, Paul A Tooney, Juha Veijola, Peter M Visscher, John Waddington, Dermot Walsh, Bradley T Webb, Mark Weiser, Dieter B Wildenauer, Nigel M Williams, Stephanie Williams, Stephanie H Witt, Aaron R Wolen, Brandon K Wormley, Naomi R Wray, Jing Qin Wu, Clement C Zai, Rolf Adolfsson, Ole A Andreassen, Douglas H R Blackwood, Elvira Bramon, Joseph D Buxbaum, Sven Cichon, David A Collier, Aiden Corvin, Mark J Daly, Ariel Darvasi, Enrico Domenici, Tõnu Esko, Pablo V Gejman, Michael Gill, Hugh Gurling, Christina M Hultman, Nakao Iwata, Assen V Jablensky, Erik G Jönsson, Kenneth S Kendler, George Kirov, Jo Knight, Douglas F Levinson, Qingqin S Li, Steven A McCarroll, Andrew McQuillin, Jennifer L Moran, Bryan J Mowry, Markus M Nöthen, Roel A Ophoff, Michael J Owen, Aarno Palotie, Carlos N Pato, Tracey L Petryshen, Danielle Posthuma, Marcella Rietschel, Brien P Riley, Dan Rujescu, Pamela Sklar, David St Clair, James T R Walters, Thomas Werge, Patrick F Sullivan, Michael C O'Donovan, Stephen W Scherer, Benjamin M Neale, Jonathan Sebat,

Affiliations

  1. Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  2. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  3. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
  4. Beyster Center for Psychiatric Genomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
  5. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
  6. MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
  7. National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
  8. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
  9. Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
  10. Neuroscience Discovery and Translational Area, Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
  11. NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
  12. Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
  13. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
  14. State Mental Hospital, Haar, Germany.
  15. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
  16. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  17. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  18. School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
  19. Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.
  20. Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
  21. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
  22. Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  23. Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark.
  24. Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
  25. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
  26. School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
  27. Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
  28. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  29. Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  30. Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
  31. Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
  32. Department of Human Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
  33. Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
  34. Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
  35. Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray and INSERM U1079, Faculty of Medicine, Rouen, France.
  36. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  37. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
  38. Department of Psychiatry, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
  39. Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
  40. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
  41. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hospitaux de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Paris, France.
  42. Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  43. Instituto de Formación e Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
  44. Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
  45. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
  46. Department of Psychological Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
  47. Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
  48. Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
  49. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
  50. Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.
  51. Applied Molecular Genomics Unit, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
  52. Virginia Boston Health Care System, Brockton, Massachusetts, USA.
  53. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  54. First Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
  55. Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
  56. Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
  57. Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
  58. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
  59. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  60. Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
  61. Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
  62. Folkhälsan Research Center and Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
  63. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
  64. Department of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
  65. Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
  66. Mental Health Service Line, Washington Virginia Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
  67. Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
  68. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
  69. Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  70. Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
  71. Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
  72. Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
  73. Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  74. Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
  75. Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  76. Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  77. Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
  78. Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
  79. Departments of Psychiatry, and Human and Molecular Genetics, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
  80. Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
  81. Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
  82. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
  83. Illumina, Inc., La Jolla, California, USA.
  84. J.J. Peters Virginia Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
  85. Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
  86. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
  87. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
  88. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  89. Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  90. Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
  91. Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
  92. Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  93. Perkins Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  94. Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
  95. Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  96. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  97. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  98. Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  99. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pierre and Marie Curie Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France.
  100. Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
  101. Psychology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
  102. Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  103. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
  104. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
  105. Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  106. Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
  107. CNRS, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
  108. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
  109. Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
  110. Department of Genomics Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
  111. Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.
  112. Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
  113. Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
  114. Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
  115. Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
  116. Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  117. Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
  118. School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
  119. First Psychiatric Clinic, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  120. Eli Lilly and Company, Ltd., Windlesham, UK.
  121. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
  122. Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  123. Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
  124. Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
  125. Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
  126. Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
  127. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
  128. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
  129. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  130. Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  131. Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
  132. Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
  133. DETECT Early Intervention Service for Psychosis, Blackrock, Ireland.
  134. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
  135. Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
  136. Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
  137. Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
  138. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
  139. Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
  140. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
  141. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  142. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  143. Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
  144. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey, USA.
  145. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
  146. Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
  147. Hunter New England Health Service, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
  148. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  149. Research and Development, Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
  150. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
  151. Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
  152. Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Bracknell, UK.
  153. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
  154. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
  155. Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
  156. Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland.
  157. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  158. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
  159. Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
  160. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
  161. Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
  162. Department of Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
  163. Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
  164. Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  165. Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  166. Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
  167. Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
  168. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
  169. Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
  170. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  171. Department of Molecular Genetics and McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  172. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

PMID: 27869829 PMCID: PMC5737772 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3725

Abstract

Copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, genome-wide investigation of the contribution of CNV to risk has been hampered by limited sample sizes. We sought to address this obstacle by applying a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. A global enrichment of CNV burden was observed in cases (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, P = 5.7 × 10

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