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, Fabian ID, Abdallah E, et al. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(5):685-695doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716.
, Fabian, I. D., Abdallah, E., Abdullahi, S. U., Abdulqader, R. A., Adamou Boubacar, S., Ademola-Popoola, D. S., Adio, A., Afshar, A. R., Aggarwal, P., Aghaji, A. E., Ahmad, A., Akib, M. N. R., Al Harby, L., Al Ani, M. H., Alakbarova, A., Portabella, S. A., Al-Badri, S. A. F., Alcasabas, A. P. A., Al-Dahmash, S. A., Alejos, A., Alemany-Rubio, E., Alfa Bio, A. I., Alfonso Carreras, Y., Al-Haddad, C., Al-Hussaini, H. H. Y., Ali, A. M., Alia, D. B., Al-Jadiry, M. F., Al-Jumaily, U., Alkatan, H. M., All-Eriksson, C., Al-Mafrachi, A. A. R. M., Almeida, A. A., Alsawidi, K. M., Al-Shaheen, A. A. S. M., Al-Shammary, E. H., Amiruddin, P. O., Antonino, R., Astbury, N. J., Atalay, H. T., Atchaneeyasakul, L. O., Atsiaya, R., Attaseth, T., Aung, T. H., Ayala, S., Baizakova, B., Balaguer, J., Balayeva, R., Balwierz, W., Barranco, H., Bascaran, C., Beck Popovic, M., Benavides, R., Benmiloud, S., Bennani Guebessi, N., Berete, R. C., Berry, J. L., Bhaduri, A., Bhat, S., Biddulph, S. J., Biewald, E. M., Bobrova, N., Boehme, M., Boldt, H. C., Bonanomi, M. T. B. C., Bornfeld, N., Bouda, G. C., Bouguila, H., Boumedane, A., Brennan, R. C., Brichard, B. G., Buaboonnam, J., Calderón-Sotelo, P., Calle Jara, D. A., Camuglia, J. E., Cano, M. R., Capra, M., Cassoux, N., Castela, G., Castillo, L., Català-Mora, J., Chantada, G. L., Chaudhry, S., Chaugule, S. S., Chauhan, A., Chawla, B., Chernodrinska, V. S., Chiwanga, F. S., Chuluunbat, T., Cieslik, K., Cockcroft, R. L., Comsa, C., Correa, Z. M., Correa Llano, M. G., Corson, T. W., Cowan-Lyn, K. E., Csóka, M., Cui, X., Da Gama, I. V., Dangboon, W., Das, A., Das, S., Davanzo, J. M., Davidson, A., De Potter, P., Delgado, K. Q., Demirci, H., Desjardins, L., Diaz Coronado, R. Y., Dimaras, H., Dodgshun, A. J., Donaldson, C., Donato Macedo, C. R., Dragomir, M. D., Du, Y., Du Bruyn, M., Edison, K. S., Eka Sutyawan, I. W., El Kettani, A., Elbahi, A. M., Elder, J. E., Elgalaly, D., Elhaddad, A. M., Elhassan, M. M. A., Elzembely, M. M., Essuman, V. A., Evina, T. G. A., Fadoo, Z., Fandiño, A. C., Faranoush, M., Fasina, O., Fernández, D. D. P. G., Fernández-Teijeiro, A., Foster, A., Frenkel, S., Fu, L. D., Fuentes-Alabi, S. L., Gallie, B. L., Gandiwa, M., Garcia, J. L., García Aldana, D., Gassant, P. Y., Geel, J. A., Ghassemi, F., Girón, A. V., Gizachew, Z., Goenz, M. A., Gold, A. S., Goldberg-Lavid, M., Gole, G. A., Gomel, N., Gonzalez, E., Gonzalez Perez, G., González-Rodríguez, L., Garcia Pacheco, H. N., Graells, J., Green, L., Gregersen, P. A., Grigorovski, N. D. A. K., Guedenon, K. M., Gunasekera, D. S., Gündüz, A. K., Gupta, H., Gupta, S., Hadjistilianou, T., Hamel, P., Hamid, S. A., Hamzah, N., Hansen, E. D., Harbour, J. W., Hartnett, M. E., Hasanreisoglu, M., Hassan, S., Hassan, S., Hederova, S., Hernandez, J., Hernandez, L. M. C., Hessissen, L., Hordofa, D. F., Huang, L. C., Hubbard, G. B., Hummlen, M., Husakova, K., Hussein Al-Janabi, A. N., Ida, R., Ilic, V. R., Jairaj, V., Jeeva, I., Jenkinson, H., Ji, X., Jo, D. H., Johnson, K. P., Johnson, W. J., Jones, M. M., Kabesha, T. B. A., Kabore, R. L., Kaliki, S., Kalinaki, A., Kantar, M., Kao, L. Y., Kardava, T., Kebudi, R., Kepak, T., Keren-Froim, N., Khan, Z. J., Khaqan, H. A., Khauv, P., Kheir, W. J., Khetan, V., Khodabande, A., Khotenashvili, Z., Kim, J. W., Kim, J. H., Kiratli, H., Kivelä, T. T., Klett, A., Komba Palet, J. E. K., Krivaitiene, D., Kruger, M., Kulvichit, K., Kuntorini, M. W., Kyara, A., Lachmann, E. S., Lam, C. P. S., Lam, G. C., Larson, S. A., Latinovic, S., Laurenti, K. D., Le, B. H. A., Lecuona, K., Leverant, A. A., Li, C., Limbu, B., Long, Q. B., López, J. P., Lukamba, R. M., Lumbroso, L., Luna-Fineman, S., Lutfi, D., Lysytsia, L., Magrath, G. N., Mahajan, A., Majeed, A. R., Maka, E., Makan, M., Makimbetov, E. K., Manda, C., Martín Begue, N., Mason, L., Mason, J. O., Matende, I. O., Materin, M., Mattosinho, C. C. D. S., Matua, M., Mayet, I., Mbumba, F. B., McKenzie, J. D., Medina-Sanson, A., Mehrvar, A., Mengesha, A. A., Menon, V., Mercado, G. J. V. D., Mets, M. B., Midena, E., Mishra, D. K. C., Mndeme, F. G., Mohamedani, A. A., Mohammad, M. T., Moll, A. C., Montero, M. M., Morales, R. A., Moreira, C., Mruthyunjaya, P., Msina, M. S., Msukwa, G., Mudaliar, S. S., Muma, K. I., Munier, F. L., Murgoi, G., Murray, T. G., Musa, K. O., Mushtaq, A., Mustak, H., Muyen, O. M., Naidu, G., Nair, A. G., Naumenko, L., Ndoye Roth, P. A., Nency, Y. M., Neroev, V., Ngo, H., Nieves, R. M., Nikitovic, M., Nkanga, E. D., Nkumbe, H., Nuruddin, M., Nyaywa, M., Obono-Obiang, G., Oguego, N. C., Olechowski, A., Oliver, S. C. N., Osei-Bonsu, P., Ossandon, D., Paez-Escamilla, M. A., Pagarra, H., Painter, S. L., Paintsil, V., Paiva, L., Pal, B. P., Palanivelu, M. S., Papyan, R., Parrozzani, R., Parulekar, M., Pascual Morales, C. R., Paton, K. E., Pawinska-Wasikowska, K., Pe'er, J., Peña, A., Peric, S., Pham, C. T. M., Philbert, R., Plager, D. A., Pochop, P., Polania, R. A., Polyakov, V. G., Pompe, M. T., Pons, J. J., Prat, D., Prom, V., Purwanto, I., Qadir, A. O., Qayyum, S., Qian, J., Rahman, A., Rahman, S., Rahmat, J., Rajkarnikar, P., Ramanjulu, R., Ramasubramanian, A., Ramirez-Ortiz, M. A., Raobela, L., Rashid, R., Reddy, M. A., Reich, E., Renner, L. A., Reynders, D., Ribadu, D., Riheia, M. M., Ritter-Sovinz, P., Rojanaporn, D., Romero, L., Roy, S. R., Saab, R. H., Saakyan, S., Sabhan, A. H., Sagoo, M. S., Said, A. M. A., Saiju, R., Salas, B., San Román Pacheco, S., Sánchez, G. L., Sayalith, P., Scanlan, T. A., Schefler, A. C., Schoeman, J., Sedaghat, A., Seregard, S., Seth, R., Shah, A. S., Shakoor, S. A., Sharma, M. K., Sherief, S. T., Shetye, N. G., Shields, C. L., Siddiqui, S. N., Sidi Cheikh, S., Silva, S., Singh, A. D., Singh, N., Singh, U., Singha, P., Sitorus, R. S., Skalet, A. H., Soebagjo, H. D., Sorochynska, T., Ssali, G., Stacey, A. W., Staffieri, S. E., Stahl, E. D., Stathopoulos, C., Stirn Kranjc, B., Stones, D. K., Strahlendorf, C., Suarez, M. E. C., Sultana, S., Sun, X., Sundy, M., Superstein, R., Supriyadi, E., Surukrattanaskul, S., Suzuki, S., Svojgr, K., Sylla, F., Tamamyan, G., Tan, D., Tandili, A., Tarrillo Leiva, F. F., Tashvighi, M., Tateshi, B., Tehuteru, E. S., Teixeira, L. F., Teh, K. H., Theophile, T., Toledano, H., Trang, D. L., Traoré, F., Trichaiyaporn, S., Tuncer, S., Tyau-Tyau, H., Umar, A. B., Unal, E., Uner, O. E., Urbak, S. F., Ushakova, T. L., Usmanov, R. H., Valeina, S., van Hoefen Wijsard, M., Varadisai, A., Vasquez, L., Vaughan, L. O., Veleva-Krasteva, N. V., Verma, N., Victor, A. A., Viksnins, M., Villacís Chafla, E. G., Vishnevskia-Dai, V., Vora, T., Wachtel, A. E., Wackernagel, W., Waddell, K., Wade, P. D., Wali, A. H., Wang, Y. Z., Weiss, A., Wilson, M. W., Wime, A. D. C., Wiwatwongwana, A., Wiwatwongwana, D., Wolley Dod, C., Wongwai, P., Xiang, D., Xiao, Y., Yam, J. C., Yang, H., Yanga, J. M., Yaqub, M. A., Yarovaya, V. A., Yarovoy, A. A., Ye, H., Yousef, Y. A., Yuliawati, P., Zapata López, A. M., Zein, E., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zheng, X., Zhilyaeva, K., Zia, N., Ziko, O. A. O., Zondervan, M., & Bowman, R. (2020). Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level. JAMA oncology, 6(5), 685-695. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716
, et al. "Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level." JAMA oncology vol. 6,5 (2020): 685-695. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716
, Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Adamou Boubacar S, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Afshar AR, Aggarwal P, Aghaji AE, Ahmad A, Akib MNR, Al Harby L, Al Ani MH, Alakbarova A, Portabella SA, Al-Badri SAF, Alcasabas APA, Al-Dahmash SA, Alejos A, Alemany-Rubio E, Alfa Bio AI, Alfonso Carreras Y, Al-Haddad C, Al-Hussaini HHY, Ali AM, Alia DB, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Jumaily U, Alkatan HM, All-Eriksson C, Al-Mafrachi AARM, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Al-Shaheen AASM, Al-Shammary EH, Amiruddin PO, Antonino R, Astbury NJ, Atalay HT, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Atsiaya R, Attaseth T, Aung TH, Ayala S, Baizakova B, Balaguer J, Balayeva R, Balwierz W, Barranco H, Bascaran C, Beck Popovic M, Benavides R, Benmiloud S, Bennani Guebessi N, Berete RC, Berry JL, Bhaduri A, Bhat S, Biddulph SJ, Biewald EM, Bobrova N, Boehme M, Boldt HC, Bonanomi MTBC, Bornfeld N, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Boumedane A, Brennan RC, Brichard BG, Buaboonnam J, Calderón-Sotelo P, Calle Jara DA, Camuglia JE, Cano MR, Capra M, Cassoux N, Castela G, Castillo L, Català-Mora J, Chantada GL, Chaudhry S, Chaugule SS, Chauhan A, Chawla B, Chernodrinska VS, Chiwanga FS, Chuluunbat T, Cieslik K, Cockcroft RL, Comsa C, Correa ZM, Correa Llano MG, Corson TW, Cowan-Lyn KE, Csóka M, Cui X, Da Gama IV, Dangboon W, Das A, Das S, Davanzo JM, Davidson A, De Potter P, Delgado KQ, Demirci H, Desjardins L, Diaz Coronado RY, Dimaras H, Dodgshun AJ, Donaldson C, Donato Macedo CR, Dragomir MD, Du Y, Du Bruyn M, Edison KS, Eka Sutyawan IW, El Kettani A, Elbahi AM, Elder JE, Elgalaly D, Elhaddad AM, Elhassan MMA, Elzembely MM, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Fadoo Z, Fandiño AC, Faranoush M, Fasina O, Fernández DDPG, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Foster A, Frenkel S, Fu LD, Fuentes-Alabi SL, Gallie BL, Gandiwa M, Garcia JL, García Aldana D, Gassant PY, Geel JA, Ghassemi F, Girón AV, Gizachew Z, Goenz MA, Gold AS, Goldberg-Lavid M, Gole GA, Gomel N, Gonzalez E, Gonzalez Perez G, González-Rodríguez L, Garcia Pacheco HN, Graells J, Green L, Gregersen PA, Grigorovski NDAK, Guedenon KM, Gunasekera DS, Gündüz AK, Gupta H, Gupta S, Hadjistilianou T, Hamel P, Hamid SA, Hamzah N, Hansen ED, Harbour JW, Hartnett ME, Hasanreisoglu M, Hassan S, Hassan S, Hederova S, Hernandez J, Hernandez LMC, Hessissen L, Hordofa DF, Huang LC, Hubbard GB, Hummlen M, Husakova K, Hussein Al-Janabi AN, Ida R, Ilic VR, Jairaj V, Jeeva I, Jenkinson H, Ji X, Jo DH, Johnson KP, Johnson WJ, Jones MM, Kabesha TBA, Kabore RL, Kaliki S, Kalinaki A, Kantar M, Kao LY, Kardava T, Kebudi R, Kepak T, Keren-Froim N, Khan ZJ, Khaqan HA, Khauv P, Kheir WJ, Khetan V, Khodabande A, Khotenashvili Z, Kim JW, Kim JH, Kiratli H, Kivelä TT, Klett A, Komba Palet JEK, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kulvichit K, Kuntorini MW, Kyara A, Lachmann ES, Lam CPS, Lam GC, Larson SA, Latinovic S, Laurenti KD, Le BHA, Lecuona K, Leverant AA, Li C, Limbu B, Long QB, López JP, Lukamba RM, Lumbroso L, Luna-Fineman S, Lutfi D, Lysytsia L, Magrath GN, Mahajan A, Majeed AR, Maka E, Makan M, Makimbetov EK, Manda C, Martín Begue N, Mason L, Mason JO, Matende IO, Materin M, Mattosinho CCDS, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, McKenzie JD, Medina-Sanson A, Mehrvar A, Mengesha AA, Menon V, Mercado GJVD, Mets MB, Midena E, Mishra DKC, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Mohammad MT, Moll AC, Montero MM, Morales RA, Moreira C, Mruthyunjaya P, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Mudaliar SS, Muma KI, Munier FL, Murgoi G, Murray TG, Musa KO, Mushtaq A, Mustak H, Muyen OM, Naidu G, Nair AG, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Nency YM, Neroev V, Ngo H, Nieves RM, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe H, Nuruddin M, Nyaywa M, Obono-Obiang G, Oguego NC, Olechowski A, Oliver SCN, Osei-Bonsu P, Ossandon D, Paez-Escamilla MA, Pagarra H, Painter SL, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Pal BP, Palanivelu MS, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Parulekar M, Pascual Morales CR, Paton KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska K, Pe'er J, Peña A, Peric S, Pham CTM, Philbert R, Plager DA, Pochop P, Polania RA, Polyakov VG, Pompe MT, Pons JJ, Prat D, Prom V, Purwanto I, Qadir AO, Qayyum S, Qian J, Rahman A, Rahman S, Rahmat J, Rajkarnikar P, Ramanjulu R, Ramasubramanian A, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Raobela L, Rashid R, Reddy MA, Reich E, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Riheia MM, Ritter-Sovinz P, Rojanaporn D, Romero L, Roy SR, Saab RH, Saakyan S, Sabhan AH, Sagoo MS, Said AMA, Saiju R, Salas B, San Román Pacheco S, Sánchez GL, Sayalith P, Scanlan TA, Schefler AC, Schoeman J, Sedaghat A, Seregard S, Seth R, Shah AS, Shakoor SA, Sharma MK, Sherief ST, Shetye NG, Shields CL, Siddiqui SN, Sidi Cheikh S, Silva S, Singh AD, Singh N, Singh U, Singha P, Sitorus RS, Skalet AH, Soebagjo HD, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stacey AW, Staffieri SE, Stahl ED, Stathopoulos C, Stirn Kranjc B, Stones DK, Strahlendorf C, Suarez MEC, Sultana S, Sun X, Sundy M, Superstein R, Supriyadi E, Surukrattanaskul S, Suzuki S, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tan D, Tandili A, Tarrillo Leiva FF, Tashvighi M, Tateshi B, Tehuteru ES, Teixeira LF, Teh KH, Theophile T, Toledano H, Trang DL, Traoré F, Trichaiyaporn S, Tuncer S, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Unal E, Uner OE, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Usmanov RH, Valeina S, van Hoefen Wijsard M, Varadisai A, Vasquez L, Vaughan LO, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Verma N, Victor AA, Viksnins M, Villacís Chafla EG, Vishnevskia-Dai V, Vora T, Wachtel AE, Wackernagel W, Waddell K, Wade PD, Wali AH, Wang YZ, Weiss A, Wilson MW, Wime ADC, Wiwatwongwana A, Wiwatwongwana D, Wolley Dod C, Wongwai P, Xiang D, Xiao Y, Yam JC, Yang H, Yanga JM, Yaqub MA, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Ye H, Yousef YA, Yuliawati P, Zapata López AM, Zein E, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zheng X, Zhilyaeva K, Zia N, Ziko OAO, Zondervan M, Bowman R. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level. JAMA Oncol. 2020 May 01;6(5):685-695. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716. PMID: 32105305; PMCID: PMC7047856.
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JAMA Oncol. 2020 May 01;6(5):685-695. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

JAMA oncology

Ido Didi Fabian, Elhassan Abdallah, Shehu U Abdullahi, Rula A Abdulqader, Sahadatou Adamou Boubacar, Dupe S Ademola-Popoola, Adedayo Adio, Armin R Afshar, Priyanka Aggarwal, Ada E Aghaji, Alia Ahmad, Marliyanti N R Akib, Lamis Al Harby, Mouroge H Al Ani, Aygun Alakbarova, Silvia Alarcón Portabella, Safaa A F Al-Badri, Ana Patricia A Alcasabas, Saad A Al-Dahmash, Amanda Alejos, Ernesto Alemany-Rubio, Amadou I Alfa Bio, Yvania Alfonso Carreras, Christiane Al-Haddad, Hamoud H Y Al-Hussaini, Amany M Ali, Donjeta B Alia, Mazin F Al-Jadiry, Usama Al-Jumaily, Hind M Alkatan, Charlotta All-Eriksson, Ali A R M Al-Mafrachi, Argentino A Almeida, Khalifa M Alsawidi, Athar A S M Al-Shaheen, Entissar H Al-Shammary, Primawita O Amiruddin, Romanzo Antonino, Nicholas J Astbury, Hatice T Atalay, La-Ongsri Atchaneeyasakul, Rose Atsiaya, Taweevat Attaseth, Than H Aung, Silvia Ayala, Baglan Baizakova, Julia Balaguer, Ruhengiz Balayeva, Walentyna Balwierz, Honorio Barranco, Covadonga Bascaran, Maja Beck Popovic, Raquel Benavides, Sarra Benmiloud, Nissrine Bennani Guebessi, Rokia C Berete, Jesse L Berry, Anirban Bhaduri, Sunil Bhat, Shelley J Biddulph, Eva M Biewald, Nadia Bobrova, Marianna Boehme, H C Boldt, Maria Teresa B C Bonanomi, Norbert Bornfeld, Gabrielle C Bouda, Hédi Bouguila, Amaria Boumedane, Rachel C Brennan, Bénédicte G Brichard, Jassada Buaboonnam, Patricia Calderón-Sotelo, Doris A Calle Jara, Jayne E Camuglia, Miriam R Cano, Michael Capra, Nathalie Cassoux, Guilherme Castela, Luis Castillo, Jaume Català-Mora, Guillermo L Chantada, Shabana Chaudhry, Sonal S Chaugule, Argudit Chauhan, Bhavna Chawla, Violeta S Chernodrinska, Faraja S Chiwanga, Tsengelmaa Chuluunbat, Krzysztof Cieslik, Ruellyn L Cockcroft, Codruta Comsa, Zelia M Correa, Maria G Correa Llano, Timothy W Corson, Kristin E Cowan-Lyn, Monika Csóka, Xuehao Cui, Isac V Da Gama, Wantanee Dangboon, Anirban Das, Sima Das, Jacquelyn M Davanzo, Alan Davidson, Patrick De Potter, Karina Q Delgado, Hakan Demirci, Laurence Desjardins, Rosdali Y Diaz Coronado, Helen Dimaras, Andrew J Dodgshun, Craig Donaldson, Carla R Donato Macedo, Monica D Dragomir, Yi Du, Magritha Du Bruyn, Kemala S Edison, I Wayan Eka Sutyawan, Asmaa El Kettani, Amal M Elbahi, James E Elder, Dina Elgalaly, Alaa M Elhaddad, Moawia M Ali Elhassan, Mahmoud M Elzembely, Vera A Essuman, Ted Grimbert A Evina, Zehra Fadoo, Adriana C Fandiño, Mohammad Faranoush, Oluyemi Fasina, Delia D P G Fernández, Ana Fernández-Teijeiro, Allen Foster, Shahar Frenkel, Ligia D Fu, Soad L Fuentes-Alabi, Brenda L Gallie, Moira Gandiwa, Juan L Garcia, David García Aldana, Pascale Y Gassant, Jennifer A Geel, Fariba Ghassemi, Ana V Girón, Zelalem Gizachew, Marco A Goenz, Aaron S Gold, Maya Goldberg-Lavid, Glen A Gole, Nir Gomel, Efren Gonzalez, Graciela Gonzalez Perez, Liudmira González-Rodríguez, Henry N Garcia Pacheco, Jaime Graells, Liz Green, Pernille A Gregersen, Nathalia D A K Grigorovski, Koffi M Guedenon, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, Ahmet K Gündüz, Himika Gupta, Sanjiv Gupta, Theodora Hadjistilianou, Patrick Hamel, Syed A Hamid, Norhafizah Hamzah, Eric D Hansen, J William Harbour, M Elizabeth Hartnett, Murat Hasanreisoglu, Sadiq Hassan, Shadab Hassan, Stanislava Hederova, Jose Hernandez, Lorelay Marie Carcamo Hernandez, Laila Hessissen, Diriba F Hordofa, Laura C Huang, G B Hubbard, Marlies Hummlen, Kristina Husakova, Allawi N Hussein Al-Janabi, Russo Ida, Vesna R Ilic, Vivekaraj Jairaj, Irfan Jeeva, Helen Jenkinson, Xunda Ji, Dong Hyun Jo, Kenneth P Johnson, William J Johnson, Michael M Jones, Theophile B Amani Kabesha, Rolande L Kabore, Swathi Kaliki, Abubakar Kalinaki, Mehmet Kantar, Ling-Yuh Kao, Tamar Kardava, Rejin Kebudi, Tomas Kepak, Naama Keren-Froim, Zohora J Khan, Hussain A Khaqan, Phara Khauv, Wajiha J Kheir, Vikas Khetan, Alireza Khodabande, Zaza Khotenashvili, Jonathan W Kim, Jeong Hun Kim, Hayyam Kiratli, Tero T Kivelä, Artur Klett, Jess Elio Kosh Komba Palet, Dalia Krivaitiene, Mariana Kruger, Kittisak Kulvichit, Mayasari W Kuntorini, Alice Kyara, Eva S Lachmann, Carol P S Lam, Geoffrey C Lam, Scott A Larson, Slobodanka Latinovic, Kelly D Laurenti, Bao Han A Le, Karin Lecuona, Amy A Leverant, Cairui Li, Ben Limbu, Quah Boon Long, Juan P López, Robert M Lukamba, Livia Lumbroso, Sandra Luna-Fineman, Delfitri Lutfi, Lesia Lysytsia, George N Magrath, Amita Mahajan, Abdul Rahim Majeed, Erika Maka, Mayuri Makan, Emil K Makimbetov, Chatonda Manda, Nieves Martín Begue, Lauren Mason, John O Mason, Ibrahim O Matende, Miguel Materin, Clarissa C D S Mattosinho, Marchelo Matua, Ismail Mayet, Freddy B Mbumba, John D McKenzie, Aurora Medina-Sanson, Azim Mehrvar, Aemero A Mengesha, Vikas Menon, Gary John V D Mercado, Marilyn B Mets, Edoardo Midena, Divyansh K C Mishra, Furahini G Mndeme, Ahmed A Mohamedani, Mona T Mohammad, Annette C Moll, Margarita M Montero, Rosa A Morales, Claude Moreira, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Mchikirwa S Msina, Gerald Msukwa, Sangeeta S Mudaliar, Kangwa I Muma, Francis L Munier, Gabriela Murgoi, Timothy G Murray, Kareem O Musa, Asma Mushtaq, Hamzah Mustak, Okwen M Muyen, Gita Naidu, Akshay Gopinathan Nair, Larisa Naumenko, Paule Aïda Ndoye Roth, Yetty M Nency, Vladimir Neroev, Hang Ngo, Rosa M Nieves, Marina Nikitovic, Elizabeth D Nkanga, Henry Nkumbe, Murtuza Nuruddin, Mutale Nyaywa, Ghislaine Obono-Obiang, Ngozi C Oguego, Andrzej Olechowski, Scott C N Oliver, Peter Osei-Bonsu, Diego Ossandon, Manuel A Paez-Escamilla, Halimah Pagarra, Sally L Painter, Vivian Paintsil, Luisa Paiva, Bikramjit P Pal, Mahesh Shanmugam Palanivelu, Ruzanna Papyan, Raffaele Parrozzani, Manoj Parulekar, Claudia R Pascual Morales, Katherine E Paton, Katarzyna Pawinska-Wasikowska, Jacob Pe'er, Armando Peña, Sanja Peric, Chau T M Pham, Remezo Philbert, David A Plager, Pavel Pochop, Rodrigo A Polania, Vladimir G Polyakov, Manca T Pompe, Jonathan J Pons, Daphna Prat, Vireak Prom, Ignatius Purwanto, Ali O Qadir, Seema Qayyum, Jiang Qian, Ardizal Rahman, Salman Rahman, Jamalia Rahmat, Purnima Rajkarnikar, Rajesh Ramanjulu, Aparna Ramasubramanian, Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz, Léa Raobela, Riffat Rashid, M Ashwin Reddy, Ehud Reich, Lorna A Renner, David Reynders, Dahiru Ribadu, Mussagy M Riheia, Petra Ritter-Sovinz, Duangnate Rojanaporn, Livia Romero, Soma R Roy, Raya H Saab, Svetlana Saakyan, Ahmed H Sabhan, Mandeep S Sagoo, Azza M A Said, Rohit Saiju, Beatriz Salas, Sonsoles San Román Pacheco, Gissela L Sánchez, Phayvanh Sayalith, Trish A Scanlan, Amy C Schefler, Judy Schoeman, Ahad Sedaghat, Stefan Seregard, Rachna Seth, Ankoor S Shah, Shawkat A Shakoor, Manoj K Sharma, Sadik T Sherief, Nandan G Shetye, Carol L Shields, Sorath Noorani Siddiqui, Sidi Sidi Cheikh, Sónia Silva, Arun D Singh, Niharika Singh, Usha Singh, Penny Singha, Rita S Sitorus, Alison H Skalet, Hendrian D Soebagjo, Tetyana Sorochynska, Grace Ssali, Andrew W Stacey, Sandra E Staffieri, Erin D Stahl, Christina Stathopoulos, Branka Stirn Kranjc, David K Stones, Caron Strahlendorf, Maria Estela Coleoni Suarez, Sadia Sultana, Xiantao Sun, Meryl Sundy, Rosanne Superstein, Eddy Supriyadi, Supawan Surukrattanaskul, Shigenobu Suzuki, Karel Svojgr, Fatoumata Sylla, Gevorg Tamamyan, Deborah Tan, Alketa Tandili, Fanny F Tarrillo Leiva, Maryam Tashvighi, Bekim Tateshi, Edi S Tehuteru, Luiz F Teixeira, Kok Hoi Teh, Tuyisabe Theophile, Helen Toledano, Doan L Trang, Fousseyni Traoré, Sumalin Trichaiyaporn, Samuray Tuncer, Harba Tyau-Tyau, Ali B Umar, Emel Unal, Ogul E Uner, Steen F Urbak, Tatiana L Ushakova, Rustam H Usmanov, Sandra Valeina, Milo van Hoefen Wijsard, Adisai Varadisai, Liliana Vasquez, Leon O Vaughan, Nevyana V Veleva-Krasteva, Nishant Verma, Andi A Victor, Maris Viksnins, Edwin G Villacís Chafla, Vicktoria Vishnevskia-Dai, Tushar Vora, Antonio E Wachtel, Werner Wackernagel, Keith Waddell, Patricia D Wade, Amina H Wali, Yi-Zhuo Wang, Avery Weiss, Matthew W Wilson, Amelia D C Wime, Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, Damrong Wiwatwongwana, Charlotte Wolley Dod, Phanthipha Wongwai, Daoman Xiang, Yishuang Xiao, Jason C Yam, Huasheng Yang, Jenny M Yanga, Muhammad A Yaqub, Vera A Yarovaya, Andrey A Yarovoy, Huijing Ye, Yacoub A Yousef, Putu Yuliawati, Arturo M Zapata López, Ekhtelbenina Zein, Chengyue Zhang, Yi Zhang, Junyang Zhao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Katsiaryna Zhilyaeva, Nida Zia, Othman A O Ziko, Marcia Zondervan, Richard Bowman

Affiliations

  1. International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
  2. The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  3. Ophthalmology Department of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
  4. Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
  5. Basra Children's Specialty Hospital, Basra, Iraq.
  6. National Hospital of Niamey, Niamey, Niger.
  7. University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
  8. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
  9. University of California, San Francisco.
  10. Department of Pediatrics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
  11. Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
  12. The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
  13. RS Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar, Indonesia.
  14. The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
  15. Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
  16. Zarifa Aliyeva National Center of Ophthalmology, Baku, Azerbaijan.
  17. Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
  18. Pediatric Oncology Unit, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
  19. Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
  20. College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  21. Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
  22. Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, Marianao, Havana, Cuba.
  23. University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.
  24. St Damien Pediatric Hospital, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
  25. Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
  26. Pediatric Oncology Department, National Oncology Center, Sana'a, Yemen.
  27. Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
  28. University Hospital Center Mother Theresa, Tirana, Albania.
  29. Imam Hussein Cancer Center, Karbala, Iraq.
  30. St Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholn, Sweden.
  31. Ibn Al Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
  32. Beira Central Hospital, Beira, Mozambique.
  33. Tripoli Eye Hospital, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
  34. Oncology Unit, Child's Central Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
  35. National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
  36. Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
  37. Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
  38. Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
  39. Lighthouse For Christ Eye Centre, Mombasa, Kenya.
  40. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
  41. Yangon Eye Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar.
  42. Retina Consultants of Houston, Houston, Texas.
  43. Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  44. Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
  45. Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Children's University Hospital of Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
  46. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  47. Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr Carlos Sáenz Herrera, San Jose, Costa Rica.
  48. Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hassan II Fès, Fez, Morocco.
  49. Center Hospitalier et Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco.
  50. Ophthalmologic Department of the Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
  51. Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
  52. The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, India.
  53. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India.
  54. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  55. Department of Ophthalmology, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
  56. The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, Odessa, Ukraine.
  57. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
  58. Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  59. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  60. Institut Hédi Raïs d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
  61. Etablissement Hospitalière Spécialise Emir Abdelkader CEA Service d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Oran, Algeria.
  62. Solid Tumor Division, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
  63. Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussel, Belgium.
  64. Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesús Rivera, Managua, Nicaragua.
  65. Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco De Icaza Bustamante, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
  66. Department of Ophthalmology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
  67. Salud Ocular, Ministerio de Salud Publica, Asuncion, Paraguay.
  68. Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
  69. Institut Curie, Université de Paris Medicine Paris V Descartes, Paris, France.
  70. Centro Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
  71. Hospital Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay.
  72. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
  73. Hospital Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  74. NationalScientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  75. Paediatric Ophthalmology Department, Mayo Hospital and College of Allied Visual Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
  76. Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Orbit and Ocular Oncology, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
  77. University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
  78. Ocular Oncology Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
  79. Eye Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  80. Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
  81. National Center for Maternal and Children Health of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
  82. Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
  83. Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
  84. Institute of Oncology, Prof. Dr Al. Trestioreanu, Bucharest, Romania.
  85. Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
  86. Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis.
  87. Bustamante Hospital for Children, Kingston, Jamaica.
  88. Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
  89. Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
  90. Quelimane Central Hospital, Quelimane, Mozambique.
  91. Department of Ophthalmology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand.
  92. Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India.
  93. Ocular Oncology Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India.
  94. Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
  95. Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
  96. National Children's Hospital, Panama City, Panama.
  97. Department of Ophthalmology, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
  98. Institut Curie, Paris, France.
  99. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Perú.
  100. The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  101. Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, Children's Haematology and Oncology Center, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  102. The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
  103. Pediatric Oncology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  104. Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
  105. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
  106. Ophthalmology Department, Dr M. Djamil General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
  107. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah Eye Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.
  108. Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  109. Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  110. Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt.
  111. Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wadi Madani, Sudan.
  112. Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
  113. Magrabi ICO Cameroon Eye Institute, Yaounde, Cameroon.
  114. Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
  115. Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
  116. Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  117. Mi Clinic, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay.
  118. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.
  119. Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
  120. Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  121. Pediatric Oncology Department, Benjamin Bloom National Children's Hospital, San Salvador, El Salvador.
  122. Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.
  123. ClínicaAnglo American, Lima, Perú.
  124. Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Spain.
  125. Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  126. Retina and Vitreous Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  127. Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  128. Murray Ocular Oncology and Retina, Miami, Florida.
  129. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  130. Department of Ophthalmology, Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv, School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  131. Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
  132. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
  133. Pediatric Oncology Unit, Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas del Sur, Arequipa, Perú.
  134. Unidad de Oncologia Ocular Hospital Oncologico Luis Razzetti, Caracas, Venezuela.
  135. IAM NOOR Eye Care Programme, Afghanistan.
  136. Department of Clinical Genetics and Center for Rare Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
  137. National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  138. Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
  139. National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.
  140. Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
  141. Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India.
  142. King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
  143. Retinoblastoma Referral Center, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
  144. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
  145. The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
  146. Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  147. John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
  148. Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
  149. Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
  150. University Children's Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia.
  151. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú.
  152. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
  153. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia.
  154. Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
  155. Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Georgia.
  156. Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
  157. Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
  158. Pacific International Hospital, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
  159. Eye Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
  160. Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  161. Clínica Oftalmológica Pasteur, Santiago, Chile.
  162. Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
  163. Bukavu Eye Clinic, Bukavu Official University, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  164. Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
  165. Department of Ophthalmology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kamplala, Uganda.
  166. Division of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
  167. Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
  168. Ophthalmology Department, Central Children's Hospital of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
  169. Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpa?a Faculty of Medicine and Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  170. St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, and International Clinical Research Center/St Anna University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
  171. Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  172. Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
  173. Angkor Hospital for Children, Krong Siem Reap, Cambodia.
  174. Duke Eye Center, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina.
  175. Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
  176. Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  177. Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
  178. Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
  179. East Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia.
  180. Oncologue Pédiatre Responsable d'Unité de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.
  181. Children's Ophthalmology Department, Children's Hospital of Vilnius, University Hospital Santaros Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania.
  182. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  183. Vitreo-Retina Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
  184. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
  185. Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
  186. Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  187. Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University Eye Clinic, Eye Research Foundation Vidar-Latinovi?, Novi Sad, Serbia.
  188. Division of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
  189. John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, and University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles.
  190. Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
  191. Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.
  192. Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, China.
  193. Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  194. Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
  195. Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  196. University Clinics of Lubumbashi, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Rrepublic of Congo.
  197. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Center for Global Health, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora.
  198. Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
  199. Okhmatdyt National Children's Hospital, Kiev, Ukraine.
  200. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Apollo Center for Advanced Pediatrics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India.
  201. Sekuru Kaguvi Eye Unit, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, Harare, Zimbabwe.
  202. National Center of Oncology and Hematology, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
  203. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham.
  204. Ruharo Eye Centre, Ruharo Mission Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda.
  205. Scottish Livingstone Hospital, Molepolole, Botswana.
  206. Department of Ocular Oncology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
  207. Department of Oncology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
  208. MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center, Mahak Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
  209. Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
  210. Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India.
  211. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
  212. Sankara Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India.
  213. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
  214. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
  215. King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
  216. Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
  217. Hospital Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
  218. Service d'Oncologie Pédiatrique de l'Hôpital Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal.
  219. Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia.
  220. Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile de Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  221. Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
  222. Abii Specialists Hospital, Bamenda, Cameroon.
  223. Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai, India.
  224. Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Medical College, Mumbai, India.
  225. N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
  226. Cheikh Anta Diop University, Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
  227. Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
  228. Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.
  229. Ho Chi Minh Eye Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
  230. Department of Ophthalmology, Calabar Children's Eye Center, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Nigeria.
  231. Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  232. Arthur Davison Children's Hospital, Ndola, Zambia.
  233. CHU Angondje Cancerologie, Libreville, Gabon.
  234. Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora.
  235. Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
  236. Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
  237. National Ophthalmological Institute of Angola, Luanda, Angola.
  238. H M Diwan Eye Foundation, and Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India.
  239. Department of Oncology, Yerevan State Medical University, and Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after R. H. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia.
  240. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
  241. University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
  242. Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
  243. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kamenge, Bujumbura, Burundi.
  244. Department of Ophthalmology for Children and Adults, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
  245. Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
  246. Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
  247. Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia.
  248. University Eye Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  249. Good Shepherd Hospital, Siteki, Swaziland.
  250. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
  251. Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
  252. Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
  253. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
  254. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
  255. Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  256. Department of Ophthalmology, Davidoff Center for Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
  257. School of Medicine and Dentistry, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
  258. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
  259. Federal Medical Center, Yola, Nigeria.
  260. Nampula Central Hospital, Nampula, Mozambique.
  261. Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
  262. Children's Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
  263. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and London Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
  264. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
  265. Hospital Dr Manuel Ascencio Villarroel, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
  266. Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario Infantil La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
  267. Hospital Solca Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
  268. Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos.
  269. Department of Ophthalmology, Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
  270. Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
  271. National Institute of Ophthalmology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  272. East Timor Eye Program, Dili, Timor-Leste.
  273. Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
  274. Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  275. Ophthalmology Department, Nouakchott Medical University, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
  276. Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
  277. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, and Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  278. Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
  279. Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
  280. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle.
  281. Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
  282. Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
  283. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
  284. BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
  285. Pediatra Hemato-Oncologa, Instituto Oncologico del Oriente Boliviano, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
  286. Henan Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
  287. Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
  288. Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
  289. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
  290. Africa Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology, Bamako, Mali.
  291. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Perú.
  292. University Eye Clinic, Skopje, Macedonia.
  293. National Cancer Center, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  294. Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  295. Kabgayi Eye Unit, Gitarama, Rwanda.
  296. Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  297. Pediatric Oncology Service, Gabriel Toure Hospital, Bamako, Mali.
  298. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ocular Oncology Service, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  299. Université Adam Barka, Abeche, Chad.
  300. Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
  301. Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
  302. National Cancer Center of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
  303. Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
  304. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
  305. Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.
  306. National Eye Center Kaduna, Kaduna, Nigeria.
  307. Department of Paediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  308. Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
  309. Department of Ophthalmology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
  310. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
  311. Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Children's Hospital and Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
  312. Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China.
  313. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
  314. Service d'Ophtalmologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
  315. Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
  316. S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia.
  317. Assistante Hospitalo Universitaire, Faculte de Medecine de Nouakchott Medecin Oncopediatre, Center National d'Oncologie, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
  318. Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  319. Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
  320. Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

PMID: 32105305 PMCID: PMC7047856 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

OBJECTIVES: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis.

RESULTS: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.

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