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Al-Eitan LN, Aljamal HA, Alkhatib RQ. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of sunscreens and their effects on mice liver and kidney enzyme function. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018;12:11-21doi: 10.2147/CCID.S190359.
Al-Eitan, L. N., Aljamal, H. A., & Alkhatib, R. Q. (2019). Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of sunscreens and their effects on mice liver and kidney enzyme function. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 1211-21. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S190359
Al-Eitan, Laith N, et al. "Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of sunscreens and their effects on mice liver and kidney enzyme function." Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology vol. 12 (2019): 11-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S190359
Al-Eitan LN, Aljamal HA, Alkhatib RQ. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of sunscreens and their effects on mice liver and kidney enzyme function. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018 Dec 31;12:11-21. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S190359. eCollection 2019. PMID: 30643445; PMCID: PMC6319425.
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Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018 Dec 31;12:11-21. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S190359. eCollection 2019.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of sunscreens and their effects on mice liver and kidney enzyme function.

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology

Laith N Al-Eitan, Hanan A Aljamal, Rami Q Alkhatib

Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan, [email protected].
  2. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan, [email protected].

PMID: 30643445 PMCID: PMC6319425 DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S190359

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sunscreens are one of the most widely used products among cosmetics and personal care products. Recent studies have shown that some of sunscreen formulations may contain toxic, carcinogenic, or even nonallowed chemicals that may affect skin, cells, and hormones.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study aimed to develop and validate a method that allows the determination of sunscreen ingredients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of original sunscreen products (n=5) from a licensed pharmacy and counterfeit sunscreen products (n=5) from local markets in Jordan was performed using GC-MS. pH stability of the sunscreen samples were also monitored under different storage temperatures. Topical application of sunscreens on mice skin was conducted to study their effects on liver and kidney enzymes' function.

RESULTS: In terms of pH stability, there is a significant change in pH at different degrees of temperature between the products. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) was detected in two counterfeit products and was not mentioned on the ingredients' label. DEP was reported for its percutaneous absorption and systemic uptake in the literature. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased with a

CONCLUSION: This study presents a method that allows the scanning and profiling of sunscreen ingredients as well as investigates their stability, permeation, and toxicity. Profiling of sunscreen product, changing in pH stability, and analyzing kidney and liver enzymes' level would be of a great impact on products' safety and consumers' health.

Keywords: alanine transaminase; aspartate aminotransferases; cosmetics; skin absorption; sunscreening agents; urea

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

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