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Moola FO, Carli A, Berry GK, et al. Attempting primary closure for all open fractures: the effectiveness of an institutional protocol. Can J Surg. 2014;57(3):E82-8doi: 10.1503/cjs.011413.
Moola, F. O., Carli, A., Berry, G. K., Reindl, R., Jacks, D., & Harvey, E. J. (2014). Attempting primary closure for all open fractures: the effectiveness of an institutional protocol. Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie, 57(3), E82-8. https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.011413
Moola, Farhad O, et al. "Attempting primary closure for all open fractures: the effectiveness of an institutional protocol." Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie vol. 57,3 (2014): E82-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.011413
Moola FO, Carli A, Berry GK, Reindl R, Jacks D, Harvey EJ. Attempting primary closure for all open fractures: the effectiveness of an institutional protocol. Can J Surg. 2014 Jun;57(3):E82-8. doi: 10.1503/cjs.011413. PMID: 24869621; PMCID: PMC4035410.
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Can J Surg. 2014 Jun;57(3):E82-8. doi: 10.1503/cjs.011413.

Attempting primary closure for all open fractures: the effectiveness of an institutional protocol.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie

Farhad O Moola, Alberto Carli, Gregory K Berry, Rudolf Reindl, Duncan Jacks, Edward J Harvey

Affiliations

  1. Fraser Orthopaedic Institute, University of British Columbia, New Westminster, BC.
  2. The Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
  3. The Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC.

PMID: 24869621 PMCID: PMC4035410 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.011413

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immediate primary closure of open fractures has been historically believed to increase the risk of wound infection and fracture nonunion. Recent literature has challenged this belief, but uncertainty remains as to whether primary closure can be used as routine practice. This study evaluates the impact of an institutional protocol mandating primary closure for all open fractures.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all open fractures treated in a single level 1 trauma centre in a 5-year period. Prior to the study, a protocol was adopted standardizing management of open fractures and advocating primary closure of all wounds as a necessary goal of operative treatment. Patient and fracture characteristics, type of wound closure and development of infectious and bone healing complications were evaluated from time of injury to completion of outpatient follow-up.

RESULTS: A total of 297 open fractures were treated, 255 (85.8%) of them with immediate primary closure. Type III open injuries accounted for 24% of all injuries. Wounds that were immediately closed had a superficial infection rate of 11% and a deep infection rate of 4.7%. Both proportions are equivalent to or lower than historical controls for delayed closure. Fracture classification, velocity of trauma and time to wound closure did not correlate significantly with infection, delayed union or nonunion.

CONCLUSION: Attempting primary closure for all open fractures is a safe and efficient practice that does not increase the postoperative risk of infection and delayed union or nonunion.

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