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Telianidis J, Hung YH, Materia S, et al. Role of the P-Type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B in brain copper homeostasis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2013;5:44doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00044.
Telianidis, J., Hung, Y. H., Materia, S., & Fontaine, S. L. (2013). Role of the P-Type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B in brain copper homeostasis. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 544. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2013.00044
Telianidis, Jonathon, et al. "Role of the P-Type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B in brain copper homeostasis." Frontiers in aging neuroscience vol. 5 (2013): 44. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2013.00044
Telianidis J, Hung YH, Materia S, Fontaine SL. Role of the P-Type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B in brain copper homeostasis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2013 Aug 23;5:44. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00044. eCollection 2013. PMID: 23986700; PMCID: PMC3750203.
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Front Aging Neurosci. 2013 Aug 23;5:44. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00044. eCollection 2013.

Role of the P-Type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B in brain copper homeostasis.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

Jonathon Telianidis, Ya Hui Hung, Stephanie Materia, Sharon La Fontaine

Affiliations

  1. Strategic Research Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia ; Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia.

PMID: 23986700 PMCID: PMC3750203 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00044

Abstract

Over the past two decades there have been significant advances in our understanding of copper homeostasis and the pathological consequences of copper dysregulation. Cumulative evidence is revealing a complex regulatory network of proteins and pathways that maintain copper homeostasis. The recognition of copper dysregulation as a key pathological feature in prominent neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases has led to increased research focus on the mechanisms controlling copper homeostasis in the brain. The copper-transporting P-type ATPases (copper-ATPases), ATP7A and ATP7B, are critical components of the copper regulatory network. Our understanding of the biochemistry and cell biology of these complex proteins has grown significantly since their discovery in 1993. They are large polytopic transmembrane proteins with six copper-binding motifs within the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain, eight transmembrane domains, and highly conserved catalytic domains. These proteins catalyze ATP-dependent copper transport across cell membranes for the metallation of many essential cuproenzymes, as well as for the removal of excess cellular copper to prevent copper toxicity. A key functional aspect of these copper transporters is their copper-responsive trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and the cell periphery. ATP7A- and ATP7B-deficiency, due to genetic mutation, underlie the inherited copper transport disorders, Menkes and Wilson diseases, respectively. Their importance in maintaining brain copper homeostasis is underscored by the severe neuropathological deficits in these disorders. Herein we will review and update our current knowledge of these copper transporters in the brain and the central nervous system, their distribution and regulation, their role in normal brain copper homeostasis, and how their absence or dysfunction contributes to disturbances in copper homeostasis and neurodegeneration.

Keywords: ATP7A; ATP7A-related motor neuropathy; ATP7B; Menkes disease; Wilson disease; copper; copper homeostasis; occipital horn syndrome

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