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Andreou P, Neale BM, Chen W, et al. Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects. Psychol Med. 2007;37(12):1703-15doi: 10.1017/S0033291707000815.
Andreou, P., Neale, B. M., Chen, W., Christiansen, H., Gabriels, I., Heise, A., Meidad, S., Muller, U. C., Uebel, H., Banaschewski, T., Manor, I., Oades, R., Roeyers, H., Rothenberger, A., Sham, P., Steinhausen, H. C., Asherson, P., & Kuntsi, J. (2007). Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects. Psychological medicine, 37(12), 1703-15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707000815
Andreou, Penny, et al. "Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects." Psychological medicine vol. 37,12 (2007): 1703-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707000815
Andreou P, Neale BM, Chen W, Christiansen H, Gabriels I, Heise A, Meidad S, Muller UC, Uebel H, Banaschewski T, Manor I, Oades R, Roeyers H, Rothenberger A, Sham P, Steinhausen HC, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects. Psychol Med. 2007 Dec;37(12):1703-15. doi: 10.1017/S0033291707000815. Epub 2007 May 31. PMID: 17537284; PMCID: PMC3770126.
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Psychol Med. 2007 Dec;37(12):1703-15. doi: 10.1017/S0033291707000815. Epub 2007 May 31.

Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects.

Psychological medicine

Penny Andreou, Ben M Neale, Wai Chen, Hanna Christiansen, Isabel Gabriels, Alexander Heise, Sheera Meidad, Ueli C Muller, Henrik Uebel, Tobias Banaschewski, Iris Manor, Robert Oades, Herbert Roeyers, Aribert Rothenberger, Pak Sham, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, Philip Asherson, Jonna Kuntsi

Affiliations

  1. MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.

PMID: 17537284 PMCID: PMC3770126 DOI: 10.1017/S0033291707000815

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Reaction time (RT) variability is one of the strongest findings to emerge in cognitive-experimental research of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We set out to confirm the association between ADHD and slow and variable RTs and investigate the degree to which RT performance improves under fast event rate and incentives. Using a group familial correlation approach, we tested the hypothesis that there are shared familial effects on RT performance and ADHD.

METHOD: A total of 144 ADHD combined-type probands, 125 siblings of the ADHD probands and 60 control participants, ages 6-18, performed a four-choice RT task with baseline and fast-incentive conditions.

RESULTS: ADHD was associated with slow and variable RTs, and with greater improvement in speed and RT variability from baseline to fast-incentive condition. RT performance showed shared familial influences with ADHD. Under the assumption that the familial effects represent genetic influences, the proportion of the phenotypic correlation due to shared familial influences was estimated as 60-70%.

CONCLUSIONS: The data are inconsistent with models that consider RT variability as reflecting a stable cognitive deficit in ADHD, but instead emphasize the extent to which energetic or motivational factors can have a greater effect on RT performance in ADHD. The findings support the role of RT variability as an endophenotype mediating the link between genes and ADHD.

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