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Macedo A, Farré M, Baños JE. Placebo effect and placebos: what are we talking about? Some conceptual and historical considerations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;59(4):337-42doi: 10.1007/s00228-003-0612-4.
Macedo, A., Farré, M., & Baños, J. E. (2003). Placebo effect and placebos: what are we talking about? Some conceptual and historical considerations. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 59(4), 337-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-003-0612-4
Macedo, Ana, et al. "Placebo effect and placebos: what are we talking about? Some conceptual and historical considerations." European journal of clinical pharmacology vol. 59,4 (2003): 337-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-003-0612-4
Macedo A, Farré M, Baños JE. Placebo effect and placebos: what are we talking about? Some conceptual and historical considerations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Aug;59(4):337-42. doi: 10.1007/s00228-003-0612-4. Epub 2003 Jun 27. PMID: 12830339.
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Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Aug;59(4):337-42. doi: 10.1007/s00228-003-0612-4. Epub 2003 Jun 27.

Placebo effect and placebos: what are we talking about? Some conceptual and historical considerations.

European journal of clinical pharmacology

Ana Macedo, Magí Farré, Josep-E Baños

Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.

PMID: 12830339 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-003-0612-4

Abstract

Placebos and the placebo effect have always been present in medical history. However, they have not received the same consideration over the years. Somewhere between art and science, the placebo historical references come from Ancient Egypt and cross over the major civilisations, beliefs and scientific advances. The use of placebo as a methodological tool has assumed a leading role in the last 50 years and has become an important role in controlled clinical trials, the main element of the "evidence-based-medicine" paradigm. Knowledge of the conceptual and historical considerations of placebo may help to understand its role in medical practice. Even without a consensual definition, and assuming that the placebo effect does not seem to be fully dependent on a placebo administration, one issue seems unquestionable: the placebo effect is present in clinical practice and in clinical trials, no matter which name we choose to call it.

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