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Elliott P, Briggs D, Morris S, et al. Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites. BMJ. 2001;323(7309):363-8doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7309.363.
Elliott, P., Briggs, D., Morris, S., de Hoogh, C., Hurt, C., Jensen, T. K., Maitland, I., Richardson, S., Wakefield, J., & Jarup, L. (2001). Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 323(7309), 363-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7309.363
Elliott, P, et al. "Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites." BMJ (Clinical research ed.) vol. 323,7309 (2001): 363-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7309.363
Elliott P, Briggs D, Morris S, de Hoogh C, Hurt C, Jensen TK, Maitland I, Richardson S, Wakefield J, Jarup L. Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites. BMJ. 2001 Aug 18;323(7309):363-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7309.363. PMID: 11509424; PMCID: PMC37394.
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BMJ. 2001 Aug 18;323(7309):363-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7309.363.

Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

P Elliott, D Briggs, S Morris, C de Hoogh, C Hurt, T K Jensen, I Maitland, S Richardson, J Wakefield, L Jarup

Affiliations

  1. Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG. [email protected]

PMID: 11509424 PMCID: PMC37394 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7309.363

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of adverse birth outcomes associated with residence near landfill sites in Great Britain.

DESIGN: Geographical study of risks of adverse birth outcomes in populations living within 2 km of 9565 landfill sites operational at some time between 1982 and 1997 (from a total of 19 196 sites) compared with those living further away.

SETTING: Great Britain.

SUBJECTS: Over 8.2 million live births, 43 471 stillbirths, and 124 597 congenital anomalies (including terminations).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All congenital anomalies combined, some specific anomalies, and prevalence of low and very low birth weight (<2500 g and <1500 g).

RESULTS: For all anomalies combined, relative risk of residence near landfill sites (all waste types) was 0.92 (99% confidence interval 0.907 to 0.923) unadjusted, and 1.01 (1.005 to 1.023) adjusted for confounders. Adjusted risks were 1.05 (1.01 to 1.10) for neural tube defects, 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99) for cardiovascular defects, 1.07 (1.04 to 1.10) for hypospadias and epispadias (with no excess of surgical correction), 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15) for abdominal wall defects, 1.19 (1.05 to 1.34) for surgical correction of gastroschisis and exomphalos, and 1.05 (1.047 to 1.055) and 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05) for low and very low birth weight respectively. There was no excess risk of stillbirth. Findings for special (hazardous) waste sites did not differ systematically from those for non-special sites. For some specific anomalies, higher risks were found in the period before opening compared with after opening of a landfill site, especially hospital admissions for abdominal wall defects.

CONCLUSIONS: We found small excess risks of congenital anomalies and low and very low birth weight in populations living near landfill sites. No causal mechanisms are available to explain these findings, and alternative explanations include data artefacts and residual confounding. Further studies are needed to help differentiate between the various possibilities.

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